centenarian

A centenarian is a person who has reached the age of 100 years or older. The term derives from the Latin centum meaning hundred, combined with the suffix -arian. In common usage, centenarian refers to individuals aged 100 to 109; those aged 110 or more are often called supercentenarians.

Centenarians are relatively rare in the general population, but their numbers have grown as life expectancy has increased and health standards have improved. Global estimates place living centenarians in the tens of thousands, with higher concentrations in countries that have longer life expectancies and robust health care systems. Verification of age claims relies on official records such as birth and census documents, and on corroborating evidence; due to fraud risks and incomplete records, claims are subject to review by research groups.

Notable centenarians include Jeanne Calment of France, who lived to 122 and is often cited as the oldest verified person, and Jiroemon Kimura of Japan, who reached 116. Some centenarians remain active and independent into advanced age, while others require extensive support.

In research, centenarians are studied to understand longevity and healthy aging. Contributing factors cited include genetics, lifestyle, and environment, with substantial variation among individuals. The study of centenarians informs broader questions about the limits of human lifespan and the aging process, as well as strategies to promote long, healthy lives.