causada

Causada is the feminine singular past participle of the verb causar in Spanish and Portuguese. It functions as an adjective or as part of passive or perfect constructions to indicate that something has been brought about or produced by a cause. It agrees with the gender and number of the noun it modifies (causado for masculine singular, causadas for feminine plural, etc.).

Etymology: The word stems from Latin causa, meaning cause or reason, and the verb causare. The participle form causatus developed in Vulgar Latin and evolved into the modern forms in Romance languages, including causada in Spanish and Portuguese.

Portuguese usage: In Portuguese, causada commonly modifies feminine nouns. For example: “a dor causada pela lesão" (the pain caused by the injury) and “a consequência causada pelo erro" (the consequence caused by the error). It agrees in gender with the noun it describes, and its plural forms are causadas and causadas.

Spanish usage: In Spanish, causada follows the same gender agreement rules. Examples: “la enfermedad causada por el virus" (the disease caused by the virus) and “la herida causada" (the caused wound). For masculine nouns, the form is causados, as in “el daño causado” (the damage caused). The participle can also appear in longer passive constructions, such as “fue causada por…” (was caused by…).

Notes: Causada is not typically used as a standalone noun; instead, it appears in noun phrases or with a linking verb to describe a result or origin. Related terms include causa (cause), causar (to cause), and causativo/causativa in linguistic contexts.