carboxylatecontaining

Carboxylate-containing compounds are chemical species that include at least one carboxylate group (R-COO−) in their structure. The carboxylate moiety generally arises from deprotonation of a carboxylic acid and is commonly encountered in salt forms, metal coordination compounds, and certain polymers. In solution, the carboxylate group bears a negative charge and can be delocalized over the two oxygens via resonance, which influences the acidity, solubility, and reactivity of the molecule. In many contexts, carboxylates act as ligands that bridge or chelate metal centers, often forming coordination polymers and catalysts.

Examples include simple carboxylate salts such as sodium acetate and sodium benzoate; metal carboxylates such as calcium palmitate or zinc acetate; and polycarboxylates found in polymers like poly(acrylate) and in biological metabolites such as citrate. While esters do not contain a carboxylate anion, many compounds bearing carboxylate groups are produced by neutralization of carboxylic acids or by hydrolysis of esters and amides under basic conditions.

Characterization commonly relies on infrared spectroscopy, where the carboxylate shows two characteristic carbon–oxygen stretches in the 1400–1550 cm−1 range and 1600–1650 cm−1 depending on coordination and environment. Acid-base behavior is governed by the parent carboxylic acid, with pKa values typically around 4–5 for small molecules; deprotonation to the carboxylate occurs above this pH.

Applications span detergents and soaps (fatty acid salts), food preservatives (benzoates), pharmaceuticals, and materials science (carboxylate-containing polymers and ligands in coordination chemistry).