capra

Capra is a genus of hoofed mammals in the family Bovidae, subfamily Caprinae, comprising wild goats and the domesticated goat. The best-known species is Capra hircus, the domestic goat, which is descended from the wild goat Capra aegagrus and was domesticated in the Near East several thousand years ago. The genus also includes several wild goats and ibexes, such as Capra ibex (Alpine ibex) and Capra caucasica (Caucasian ibex), among others across Eurasia and northern Africa.

Capra species occupy mountainous and rugged habitats, from the Alps and Caucasus to the Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa. Domestic goats now live worldwide, in farms and mixed farming systems, and are kept for milk, meat, and fiber, as well as for draft and companionship in some regions.

Biology and ecology: Capra members are medium-to-large ruminants with a robust frame; males typically bear large horns that may be curved or twisted. They are social and often form herds with size and composition varying by species and season. Their diet is herbivorous, consisting of grasses, leaves, and shrubs; they are capable of browsing on steep, rocky terrain.

Reproduction: females reach sexual maturity in early life depending on breed, with gestation around five months (roughly 145–155 days), usually giving birth to one or two kids.

Conservation and human context: Many wild Capra species face threats from habitat loss, disease, and hunting; some have experienced significant population declines, though others are more secure. The genus name Capra derives from Latin capra meaning goat.