canonicalizations
Canonicalization is the process of converting data into a standard, or canonical, form to enable reliable comparison, deduplication, indexing, or verification. A canonical form is a unique representation among a set of equivalent representations, so that two items are equal if and only if their canonical forms match.
In computing, canonicalization covers textual and binary data. Unicode normalization (NFC, NFD, NFKC, NFKD) converts characters
In the web, URL canonicalization selects a preferred URL among duplicates arising from different schemes, ports,
In mathematics and computer science, canonical forms represent objects in a unique standard representation, such as