cancerului

The term cancerului is the Romanian genitive/dative singular form of cancer. In Romanian, it appears in phrases such as riscul cancerului, meaning the risk of cancer. This article provides a general overview of cancer and the language context of the term.

Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). Cancers arise from genetic and epigenetic changes that disrupt normal cell regulation. They are diverse in origin and can affect nearly any tissue or organ.

Common categories include carcinomas (originating in epithelial tissues), sarcomas (connective tissues), leukemias (blood-forming tissues), lymphomas (immune system), and myelomas (plasma cells). Symptoms vary by location but may include a lump, persistent fatigue, unintended weight loss, pain, or changes in skin, bowel, or bladder habits. Diagnosis relies on imaging studies, biopsy with histopathology, and increasingly molecular testing and biomarker analysis. Staging systems, such as TNM, help describe disease extent and guide treatment decisions.

Treatments are selected by cancer type and stage and may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy, alone or in combinations. A multidisciplinary approach and access to care influence outcomes. Prognosis varies widely by cancer type and stage, as does response to treatment.

Prevention focuses on risk reduction and appropriate screening where available. Key measures include tobacco avoidance, vaccination against oncogenic infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B), maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, and sun protection. Global cancer burden remains high, but advances in prevention, detection, and treatment have improved outcomes for many patients.