butadieeniin

Butadiene, or 1,3-butadiene, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C4H6. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and is highly flammable. The molecule is a conjugated diene, containing two double bonds separated by a single bond, which makes it especially reactive in polymerization reactions. In industry, butadiene is typically produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of butane, butenes, or as a byproduct in other petrochemical processes.

Occurrence and production

Butadiene occurs in trace amounts in fossil fuels and is mainly obtained on an industrial scale through the processing of hydrocarbon streams in steam crackers and refinery operations. Its production is closely linked to the use of ethylene and other olefins, and it is often separated and purified for subsequent polymerization.

Uses and applications

The primary use of butadiene is as a monomer for polymers. It is a key feedstock for polybutadiene and for styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), which are widely used in tires and various rubber goods. It is also used in the production of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastics and other copolymers, where its conjugated structure imparts desirable mechanical properties. Additionally, butadiene serves as an intermediate in chemical syntheses and specialty polymers.

Safety and environmental aspects

Butadiene is a volatile organic compound that can form explosive mixtures with air and is a known human carcinogen (IARC Group 1). Health risks include irritation and adverse effects from inhalation at elevated concentrations. Chronic exposure, particularly in occupational settings, requires monitoring and control measures. Environmental fate involves reaction with atmospheric radicals, leading to degradation rather than persistence. Proper handling, storage with inhibitors, and adherence to exposure limits are essential in workplaces.