brugende

Brugende is the present participle of the Danish verb bruge, meaning to use or to employ. In Danish, brugende functions as an adjective or adverbial form that expresses ongoing action or a state of using something. In everyday language this participial form is less common than other constructions; speakers often use relative clauses (der bruger) or the fixed phrase i brug to convey the same idea.

Origin and form: The participle is formed with the suffix -ende, a standard pattern among Danish present participles (for example løbende, gangende). It derives from the verb bruge and is related to other -ende forms used in literary or technical prose. As a participle, bruges in attributive position it can describe an agent or process, though its use is more formal than everyday speech.

Usage: The attributive use of brugende is most common in formal or literary contexts; in general prose it is often replaced by der bruger or by phrases indicating state or action. A typical example is: "En person, der bruger en computer" (a person who uses a computer). A participle clause is also possible: "Hun arbejdede, brugende en gammel blyant" (She worked, using an old pencil). In everyday Danish, ongoing action is usually expressed with a subordinate clause rather than a bare participle.

See also: bruge, brugs, anvende, anvendelse.