brjóstósæð

Brjóstósæð, also known as angina pectoris, is a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. This reduced blood flow, or ischemia, occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked, usually due to atherosclerosis (a buildup of plaque). The heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood to meet its demands, particularly during exertion or stress.

The sensation of brjóstósæð is often described as pressure, tightness, squeezing, or aching in the chest. It can also radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. The duration of an episode typically lasts from a few minutes to less than half an hour. It is commonly triggered by physical activity, emotional stress, or exposure to cold.

There are different types of brjóstósæð. Stable angina is predictable and occurs during similar levels of exertion, subsiding with rest or medication. Unstable angina is more serious and can occur at rest, is more severe, or lasts longer, indicating a higher risk of heart attack.

Diagnosis often involves a review of symptoms, medical history, an electrocardiogram (ECG), and stress tests. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, improve blood flow, and reduce the risk of heart attack. This may include lifestyle changes like diet modification and exercise, medications to improve blood flow and prevent blood clots, and in some cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery to open blocked arteries.