brassieres

A brassiere, commonly called a bra, is a form of underwear designed to support, cover, and shape the breasts. It typically comprises two cups connected by a band that wraps around the torso and fastens at the back or front. Cups may be padded or unpadded, and many bras include underwires or shaping seams for lift and support.

The modern bra emerged from earlier corsetry. In the early 20th century, designers such as Mary Phelps Jacob patented a two-cup garment connected by a band, signaling a shift toward lighter, more wearable support. Through the 1920s and 1930s, sizing and cup construction evolved, with standardized cup letters and adjustable bands becoming common.

Construction and sizing: Bras are sized by a band measurement around the ribcage and a cup size derived from the difference between bust and band measurements. Materials include cotton, polyester, nylon, and elastics such as spandex. Styles may be underwired or wireless, and closures are typically hooks at the back or front, with adjustable straps.

Types and uses: Everyday bras include soft cup, full-coverage, and t-shirt styles. Sports bras provide compression or encapsulation for physical activity. Special-purpose designs include nursing or maternity bras with flap access, strapless or convertible styles, and variations such as push-up, minimizer, or balconette. Bralettes are typically unlined and less structured.

Regional sizing differences, care labeling, and sustainability concerns are part of contemporary discussion. The market offers a wide range of sizes and fits, reflecting diverse body shapes and preferences. In medical and ergonomic contexts, proper fit is emphasized to reduce discomfort and tissue strain.