braised

Braising is a cooking technique used to tenderize tougher cuts of meat and sturdy vegetables. It combines dry-heat browning with moist-heat simmering in a small amount of liquid, all in a tightly covered pot. The method relies on searing for flavor and slow cooking to break down connective tissue and develop rich, integrated flavors.

Technique: After trimming, the main items are browned in fat to develop depth of flavor. Aromatics such as onions, garlic, carrots, and herbs are often added. A braising liquid is prepared from stock, wine, beer, or water, usually enough to come up about one-third to halfway up the food. The pot is covered and cooked at a gentle simmer on the stove or in an oven at about 150–180°C (300–350°F) for several hours, until the meat is tender. The cooking liquid is then reduced or strained and sometimes thickened to form a sauce. Resting briefly after cooking helps the flavors settle.

Common uses and cuts: Braising suits tougher cuts with connective tissue, such as beef chuck or brisket, pork shoulder, lamb shanks, and bone-in poultry. It is also used for root vegetables. Regional variations include French dishes such as boeuf bourguignon and braised pork or beef in wine, Italian brasato al vino, and Chinese hong shao (red-braised) dishes, which emphasize soy sauce, sugar, and aromatics.

Variations and comparison: Braising typically uses larger pieces and a limited amount of liquid, producing a concentrated sauce; stewing uses smaller pieces fully submerged in more liquid. Both are slow, moist-heat methods, but their proportions and presentation differ.

Equipment: A heavy pot with a tight-fitting lid, such as a Dutch oven or braiser, is ideal. Good heat control and not overcrowding the pan help ensure even browning and tender results.