blackhat

In information security, blackhat refers to individuals who engage in hacking or cybercrime for illicit or unscrupulous purposes. Blackhat activities typically involve exploiting software vulnerabilities, deploying malware, and breaking into networks to steal data, disrupt services, or gain financial advantage.

The term is part of a color-coded framework used to describe hackers by intent and legality. White hats are security professionals who test and improve systems with authorization; grey hats operate without explicit permission but without clear malicious intent; black hats pursue illicit aims and often violate laws.

Origin and notable usage: The metaphor arises from early hacker culture and has been popularized in both media and professional circles. Black Hat Briefings, a leading security conference series, began in 1997 in Las Vegas and was founded by Jeff Moss. The conferences have grown into a global format focusing on vulnerability research, defensive techniques, and information sharing, often with commercial sponsorship.

Impact and response: Blackhat activities can lead to data breaches, financial losses, espionage, and disruption of critical services. Defenders counter with threat intelligence, secure development practices, incident response, and processes for responsible vulnerability disclosure and law enforcement cooperation.

The label is widely used in public discourse and media, but legitimate security research exists under lawful frameworks such as authorization-based testing and responsible disclosure. Understanding the distinction among hacker categories helps clarify discussions of cybersecurity risks and defense.