biskoper

Biskoper is the plural form of biskop in Norwegian and other Scandinavian languages, corresponding to the English term bishop. The word derives from Latin episcopus, via Greek episkopos, and denotes a clergy member endowed with episcopal ordination and jurisdiction within a Christian church.

As senior clergy, biskoper oversee a diocese or archdiocese, provide pastoral leadership, and administer the rites and governance of the church within their territory. Core responsibilities typically include ordaining priests and deacons, confirming baptized believers, safeguarding doctrine and liturgy, and supervising parishes and clergy. Bishops may also represent their church in ecumenical dialogue and secular affairs and participate in synods or national church councils.

The exact role and authority of biskoper vary by denomination. In Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran structures, bishops hold apostolic succession—the belief that their ordination can be traced back to the apostles. They may be assisted by auxiliary bishops or archbishops who lead larger districts. In different traditions, bishops may be elected or appointed by higher authorities such as a pope, synod, or bishops’ conference; the term and the process differ across churches. In the Latin Catholic Church, bishops are typically expected to be celibate, while other traditions may permit married clergy.

Symbols and garments commonly associated with biskoper include a mitre, a crosier (shepherd’s staff), and a ring; archbishops and higher-ranking bishops may wear additional insignia such as the pallium or episcopal insignia unique to their tradition.