birdwing

Birdwing is a common name for a group of large tropical butterflies in the genus Ornithoptera, within the family Papilionidae. They are among the largest butterflies in the world, with males often displaying iridescent green or blue coloration and females typically larger and more drab, usually brown or black with yellow or white markings. The name reflects their size and wing shape, which can evoke a bird’s flight.

Most species occur in the tropical rainforests of New Guinea and nearby islands, with some extending into northern Australia and eastern Indonesia. Birdwings of this group are sexually dimorphic: males tend to be smaller and more vividly colored, while females are larger and duller, aiding camouflage when laying eggs.

Adult birdwings feed mainly on nectar from a range of flowers, and may also sip sap or rotting fruit. Larvae feed on Aristolochia species (Dutchman’s pipe vines) and other Aristolochiaceae; the choice of host plant is often species-specific. Pupation occurs on or near the host plant, with the chrysalis resembling dried leaves.

Conservation concerns center on habitat loss and collection for the butterfly trade. Several species, including the Queen Alexandra’s birdwing, are protected under international law (CITES), and habitat protection and captive-rearing programs are part of ongoing conservation efforts. Ecotourism and regulated breeding have raised awareness of these insects.