bioturism

Biotourism is a form of sustainable travel focused on natural areas with the goal of observing biodiversity, understanding ecological processes, and supporting conservation and local communities. It seeks to minimize environmental impact and to educate visitors about ecosystems and species. While it overlaps with ecotourism and scientific tourism, biotourism is often distinguished by a strong emphasis on biological study, wildlife encounters, and direct field experiences.

Typical activities include guided wildlife watching, birding, marine observation, plant surveys, and participation in citizen science projects. Programs may be hosted by national parks, research stations, community conservation groups, or accredited tour operators. Rigorously designed itineraries minimize disruption, regulate access to sensitive habitats, and use licensed guides who are trained in wildlife safety and ecological ethics.

Biotourism can provide income for conservation and local communities, support habitat protection, and raise awareness about biodiversity. It can also offer educational experiences that foster scientific literacy. However, without safeguards it may disturb wildlife, contribute to habitat degradation, introduce invasive species, or displace local residents. Carrying capacity, seasonal closures, and responsible visitor behaviour are critical considerations.

Effective biotourism relies on standards and certification, community involvement, access controls, and monitoring. Partnerships with scientists, transparent benefit-sharing, and adherence to codes of conduct help reduce risks. Critics argue that poorly planned programs can be greenwashing if conservation outcomes are unclear or if profits accrue mainly to external operators.