biostratigráfián

Biostratigráfián is a branch of stratigraphy that uses the fossil content of sedimentary rocks to establish relative ages and correlate rock layers across different locations. The fundamental principle behind biostratigraphy is the concept of fossil succession, which states that different types of fossils appear, evolve, and disappear from the rock record in a predictable order. By identifying specific index fossils, which are widespread, easily recognizable, and existed for a relatively short period, geologists can determine the relative age of a rock formation.

The process involves collecting and analyzing fossils from rock samples. The presence, absence, and abundance of certain fossil species provide crucial information about the geological time period in which the rocks were deposited. Assemblages of fossils, rather than single species, are often used to provide a more robust age determination. Biostratigraphy plays a vital role in geological mapping, resource exploration (such as oil and gas), and understanding the history of life on Earth. It is a key tool for correlating rock layers that may be separated by vast distances or lack other distinctive geological markers. This method allows for the construction of relative geological timelines and the understanding of depositional environments.