biopszián

A biopsy is a medical procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of tissue or cells from the body for examination. This examination is typically performed under a microscope by a pathologist to diagnose or monitor a disease. Biopsies are crucial for identifying a wide range of conditions, including cancer, infections, and inflammatory diseases.

There are several types of biopsies, categorized by the method of tissue or cell collection. An incisional biopsy removes a portion of a larger lesion, while an excisional biopsy removes the entire abnormal area. Needle biopsies, such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy, use a needle to extract cells or a small cylinder of tissue. Endoscopic biopsies are taken during an endoscopic procedure, where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the body. Shave biopsies involve scraping off a superficial layer of skin.

The tissue sample obtained from a biopsy is processed in a laboratory. It may be fixed, stained, and then examined by a pathologist. This examination helps determine if the cells are normal, abnormal, or cancerous. The results of a biopsy are vital for guiding treatment decisions and understanding the extent of a disease. Complications from biopsies are generally minor, but can include bleeding, infection, or pain at the site of the procedure. The specific type of biopsy performed depends on the location, size, and suspected nature of the abnormality.