biografier

Biografier, or biographies, are written accounts of a person’s life. They describe major events, accomplishments, relationships, and the social or historical context that shaped a person’s life. While they often focus on public figures, biografier can cover anyone whose life offers insight into a particular era or field. The term is used in Swedish and other Nordic languages, and in English as "biography."

Biografier vary in length and purpose. Short biographical sketches provide essential facts and a brief portrait, while full-length biographies offer chronological narratives, critical analysis, and interpretation of a subject’s significance. In reference works, biografier appear as encyclopedic entries or profiles in magazines and online databases.

Methods and sources: Biographers draw on primary sources such as letters, diaries, official records, and interviews, as well as secondary sources like previous biographies and scholarly studies. Critical biographies evaluate sources for reliability and incorporate multiple perspectives. Ethical practice includes clear sourcing and, when appropriate, disclosure of potential conflicts of interest.

History and scope: The tradition stretches from ancient biographies, such as Plutarch’s Parallel Lives, to modern scholarly works that situate individuals within broader historical, cultural, and social forces. The genre has diversified with digital media, including online biographical essays and encyclopedia entries.

Impact and uses: Biografier help readers understand the contours of a person’s life and their era, illuminate contributions across fields, and provide models for biography writing. They are used in education, journalism, and research, and must strive for accuracy, balance, and respect for privacy.