bilinen

Bilinen is a Turkish adjective meaning "known" or "familiar." It is the passive participle form of the verb bilmek, to know, and is used to describe information, facts, or people that are known to the speaker or to a wider public. The term often conveys a sense of established or widely accepted knowledge.

Etymology and form: The word is built from the root bil- with the participle suffix -inen, producing the meaning "that is known." There is a related negation bilinmeyen, meaning "unknown." The plural noun form bilinenler, meaning "the known ones," can be used in contexts referring to identified items or people.

Usage examples: Bilinen gerçekler azaltır belirsizliği. Bu sorun bilinen bir sorun olarak sınıflandırıldı. Makalede bilinenler arasında güvenilir kaynaklar öne çıkar. In Turkish sentences, bilinen typically precedes the noun it modifies, as in bilinen gerçekler or bilinen sorun, to mark information as established.

Nuance and contexts: In journalism and academic Turkish, bilinen emphasizes consensus or commonly accepted knowledge rather than newly discovered or controversial information. It can function to distinguish established facts from aspects that are disputed or unknown. The term should not be confused with bilinmek, the general verb family related to knowing, or with bilinmeyen, which denotes the unknown.

See also: bilinç, bilinçli, bilinmeyen, bilgilendirme.