bilddiagnostik

Bilddiagnostik, or medical imaging, is the branch of medicine that uses visual representations of the body's internal structures to diagnose disease, guide therapy, and monitor treatment response. It combines imaging technologies with clinical assessment and, when appropriate, laboratory data to provide objective information about anatomy, physiology, and pathology.

Common imaging modalities include radiography (X-ray), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and nuclear medicine techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Each modality has specific strengths: X-ray and CT are fast and widely available for bone, chest, and acute conditions; MRI offers detailed soft tissue contrast without ionizing radiation; ultrasound provides real-time, dynamic imaging at the bedside; nuclear medicine assesses function and metabolism using radiotracers. Mammography and interventional radiology are specialized areas within the field.

Imaging requests are made by clinicians and followed by patient preparation, protocol selection, acquisition, and interpretation by radiologists or radiographers. Reports aim at concise, structured communication of findings, differential diagnosis, and recommendations for further imaging or treatment. Image-guided procedures such as biopsies or drain placements are integral to imaging-based care.

Safety and quality management emphasize radiation dose optimization, contrast safety (iodinated or gadolinium-based agents), MRI compatibility, and adherence to quality standards. Image interpretation considers potential limitations, such as incidental findings, artifacts, or exam availability influencing diagnostic accuracy.

Recent developments include dose reduction techniques, fast MRI protocols, ultrasound elastography, and artificial intelligence-based decision support to aid detection and quantification. Access, cost, and expertise remain important considerations in the equitable use of bilddiagnostik worldwide.