Imageguided

Image-guided (imageguided) refers to procedures and therapies that rely on imaging technologies to plan, guide, and monitor interventions. It encompasses a range of techniques in which real-time or near real-time imaging data are used to ensure accurate targeting and safe execution of procedures. Common imaging modalities include fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and, in some cases, positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging.

Image-guided systems integrate preoperative imaging with intraoperative data and use navigation, tracking, or robotic assistance to align patient position, instruments, and targets. Technologies such as optical or electromagnetic tracking, image registration, and augmented reality display are used to guide interventions. Procedures include image-guided biopsies, targeted tumor resections, neuroradiology interventions, vascular and interventional radiology procedures, and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT).

Benefits include improved targeting accuracy, reduced invasiveness, shorter recovery times, and the possibility to perform complex procedures in situ. Limitations include equipment cost, radiation exposure risks, registration errors, and the need for specialized training. Ongoing developments aim to improve fusion of multimodal images, real-time MRI in the operating room, AI-based guidance, and enhanced visualization through augmented reality, with continued emphasis on safety, quality assurance, and standardization.