bewiesen

Bewiesen is the past participle of the German verb beweisen, meaning proven or demonstrated. It is used in compound tenses with the auxiliary haben, as in Er hat bewiesen, dass die Hypothese gilt (He has proven that the hypothesis holds). It can also function as a predicative adjective, for example Die Theorie ist bewiesen (The theory is proven). In formal writing one often encounters Es ist bewiesen, dass… (It is proven that…).

Etymology and related forms: Beweisen is formed from be- plus weisen (to show, indicate). The past participle bewiesen shares the same root as the noun Beweis, meaning proof or piece of evidence. Related terms include Beweisführung (presentation of proof), Beweislast (burden of proof), and Beweisregel (rule of proof). The word belongs to the German semantic field around demonstration, evidence, and verification.

Usage in different contexts: In science and mathematics, bewiesen marks established results, as in Der Satz von Fermat ist bewiesen (Fermat’s theorem has been proven). In legal and everyday language, bewiesen conveys that something has been demonstrated or established beyond doubt. The expression Es ist bewiesen, dass… is common in discourses that emphasize evidence or verification.

Notes: While bewiesen is often used as a past participle, German also employs Beweis as the noun for evidence or proof, and Beweisen as the verb to prove. The word is neutral in tone and widely used across academic, legal, and journalistic registers.