besom

Besom is a traditional broom constructed from a bundle of straight twigs bound to a handle. The head is typically made from birch, willow, or hawthorn, tied to a wooden shaft with cord, wire, or rawhide. The twigs may be left loose to form a brush or trimmed to create a flat or conical sweep, and sizes range from handheld to longer floor besoms.

Historically, besoms were common in rural households across Europe, used for sweeping floors, hearths, and outsides. Because the head is made of natural, renewable materials, it could be replaced easily when worn. The style and binding vary by region, reflecting local timber sources and craft traditions.

Cultural associations: In folklore and popular culture, the besom is often linked to witches, who are depicted riding brushes of twigs to fly. This association is a literary and artistic convention rather than a widespread historical use. Besoms also appear in traditional crafts and ceremonial contexts in some cultures.

Modern use: While most households use modern synthetic or treated broom heads, traditional besoms remain produced by artisans for decorative, ceremonial, or ecological cleaning purposes. They are valued for natural materials and craft heritage.