benignas

Benignas is a Lithuanian term used in medicine to describe non-cancerous conditions or growths. In English, it corresponds to the word benign. The designation is applied to tumors and other lesions that are not malignant, meaning they do not invade surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant sites. However, benign lesions can still cause problems if they grow large or occur in sensitive anatomical locations.

Benign versus malignant is a central distinction in pathology. Benign lesions are typically slow-growing, well-circumscribed, and composed of well-differentiated cells. They tend to push on adjacent structures rather than infiltrate them. Malignant tumors, in contrast, invade nearby tissues, may metastasize, and usually have higher mitotic activity and less-differentiated cells. Some benign lesions may generate symptoms through mass effect, hormonal activity, or obstruction.

Common examples described as benign include fibromas, lipomas, adenomas, and hemangiomas. Certain benign tumors in the brain or meninges, while non-cancerous, can cause significant symptoms due to compression. Diagnostic confirmation usually relies on histopathology, noting features such as lack of invasion and low mitotic rate, alongside imaging that shows a well-defined lesion. Biopsy or surgical excision may be used for definitive diagnosis.

Management is often conservative for asymptomatic or small lesions, with observation or regular monitoring. Treatment options include surgical removal, ablation, or medication when the lesion causes symptoms or endocrine effects. The prognosis for benign lesions is generally favorable, though some types carry a small risk of malignant transformation over time, necessitating appropriate follow-up.