befogenhetsfördelningen

befogenhetsfördelningen is the Swedish term for the distribution of powers, referring to how governmental authority is divided between different levels of government and among the branches of state. The concept is rooted in the constitutional principle of separation of powers, which aims to prevent the concentration of decision‑making power in any single institution. In Sweden, the principle is enshrined in the Instrument of Government and underpins the division of responsibilities between the Riksdag (the national legislature), the government (executive), and the courts (judicial). The Riksdag holds legislative authority, the council of ministers executes laws, and the courts interpret them, each sector limited by the others to ensure checks and balances.

In addition to the national level, befogenhetsfördelningen involves the allocation of authority to regional and local levels within the Swedish system of decentralisation. Municipalities and counties are granted self‑governing powers over matters such as schooling, healthcare, and public transport, while the state retains control over defence, foreign policy, and national regulations. This layered distribution aims at effective governance and democratic participation.

Internationally, befogenhetsfördelningen parallels concepts such as federalism and devolution. Sweden applies a largely unitary model but incorporates significant decentralisation to balance local autonomy with national unity. The term is commonly used in discussions on public administration reform and debates about the optimal balance between central oversight and local flexibility.