beamtocolumn

Beamtocolumn refers to the connection between a beam and a column in a framed structural system. The term, often written beam-to-column or beam–column joint, denotes the component that transfers loads between members and helps maintain the frame under gravity and lateral loads.

Connections are classified by their moment capacity. Rigid or moment connections carry bending moments and provide rotational restraint; common realizations include welded moment connections and bolted end-plate or flange-plate connections. Simple or shear connections primarily transfer vertical shear with limited moment transfer and are used where a flexible frame or easier erection is desired. Semirigid connections provide intermediate stiffness.

Common configurations include bolted end-plate connections, where a plate attached to the column carries bolts that fasten to the beam flange; direct welded connections, where the beam is welded to the column flange or web; and pocket or shoebox types that envelop part of the beam end. Material choices are typically steel, though timber or concrete encasements are used in hybrid or composite systems. Design follows recognized standards such as AISC 360 in the United States or Eurocode 3 in many European countries; fire protection and eccentricities in the joint are important considerations.

Beam-to-column joints are central to the performance of steel frames in commercial, high-rise, and industrial buildings. They influence construction sequence, maintenance, and seismic or wind performance. Challenges include fabrication tolerances, welding quality, and inspection requirements; careful detailing reduces risk of brittle failure and ensures reliable load paths.