barítono

Barítono is a male vocal range that sits between the bass and the tenor in classical singing. It is used to describe a singer whose tessitura and timbre are typically mid-weight, capable of a strong middle register with a productive upper extension, but not as high as most tenors or as low as many bass voices. The term is common in opera, choral singing, and concert repertoires, as well as in popular and musical theatre contexts.

Range and tessitura commonly associated with baritones run approximately from A2 to A4, with some singers extending to F4 or G4 on the high end and reaching down to G2 or lower on the low end. The exact range varies by individual voice and by repertoire. Subtypes such as lyric baritone, spinto or dramatic baritone, and character baritone describe differences in weight, flexibility, and dramatic capacity within the baritone category.

In opera, baritones frequently portray noblemen, fathers, antagonists, or colorful supporting roles. Notable examples of baritone roles include Rigoletto in Verdi’s Rigoletto, Figaro in Mozart’s Le nozze di Figaro, Scarpia in Puccini’s Tosca, and Count di Luna in Il trovatore. The baritone voice also features prominently in oratorio, choir literature, and many musical theatre parts, including roles that require a versatile, expressive, and often robust mid-range.

Etymology and usage: the term baritone derives from the Italian baritono, itself from French baryton, referencing a heavier, mid-range male voice. In many languages, including Spanish, barítono is the standard term for this voice type.