avstandssoner

Avståndssoner, or distance zones, are spatial classifications used to manage the impact of a source of risk or disturbance by delimiting areas at varying distances from the source. The term is common in Swedish planning discourse and is often described as a non-standard label for buffer zones or safety zones. The core idea is to reduce exposure, risk, or nuisance by applying different land-use rules and mitigation measures as distance from the source increases, and by informing emergency planning and land-use decisions.

A typical avståndszonmodell includes several concentric zones around the source. The inner zone usually carries the strictest restrictions and controls, such as limits on sensitive land uses (for example, housing or schools), enhanced safety measures, and mandatory containment or shielding. The middle zone imposes moderate restrictions aimed at limiting exposure or nuisance, such as stricter construction standards or setback requirements. The outer zone generally allows more land-use flexibility but may require ongoing monitoring, setback considerations, or specific operational controls. Distances are derived from hazard assessments and can be based on regulatory thresholds or modeled footprints of the particular risk (for example, emission dispersal, noise propagation, or blast effects). Distances may be static or adapt to changing conditions, such as weather, operational changes, or time of day.

Implementation involves land-use planning tools, building and safety codes, signage, access control, and emergency response planning. Avståndssoner are used in various contexts, including industrial facilities, transport corridors near airports or rail yards, and areas around hazardous activities. They are subject to uncertainties in hazard data and require regular review to align with current risk knowledge and local planning goals.