autotitrating
Autotitrating refers to processes in which titration, the addition of a titrant to a sample to determine a property such as concentration, is carried out automatically by a device or software. An autotitration system monitors an analytical signal (for example pH, emf, conductivity, absorbance) as titrant is added and uses feedback control to adjust the rate and amount of titrant to reach a predefined endpoint. Endpoint determination can be based on a fixed condition (such as a pH of 7) or on a derivative criterion (such as a sharp change in signal). Controllers commonly employ algorithms such as PID or other optimization routines to minimize overshoot and achieve reproducible titration curves.
Automation is typically implemented with a syringe or piston pump substituting for a manual burette, integrated
Limitations include the need for proper calibration and maintenance, potential sensor fouling or drift, and challenges