astmie

Astmie is a term that has appeared in some non-English contexts as an alternate spelling of asthma. It is not recognized as a distinct medical condition in standard medical literature; the accepted term remains asthma. As such, most clinical resources refer to asthma and use established terminology and guidelines.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by episodic airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. The course varies and may be influenced by triggers such as allergens, viral infections, exercise, cold air, smoke, pollutants, or occupational irritants.

Pathophysiology involves airway inflammation with eosinophils in many patients and structural changes known as remodeling. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to risk.

Diagnosis: history, physical examination, spirometry showing reversible obstruction after bronchodilator, and peak expiratory flow daily monitoring or bronchoprovocation testing as needed.

Management: avoiding triggers, inhaled corticosteroids as maintenance therapy; inhaled short-acting beta-agonists for relief; in some patients, long-acting beta-agonists, leukotriene modifiers, or biologic therapies targeting IgE or IL-5. Asthma action plans, vaccination (influenza, pneumococcus), and regular follow-up are recommended.

Epidemiology and prognosis: asthma is common worldwide; with proper control most individuals achieve good symptom control and normal activity; prognosis varies with severity, adherence, and access to care.