artificials

Artificials is a broad, neutral term used to describe human-made creations designed to imitate, replace, or augment natural phenomena. They can be found in many domains, including materials, devices, life sciences, and information technology.

In materials and manufacturing, artificials include synthetic materials such as plastics, polymers, composites, and ceramics. They are engineered to have specific mechanical, chemical, or thermal properties. The development often aims to improve durability, reduce weight, or lower cost, though environmental considerations predominate in modern design, including recyclability and end-of-life disposal.

In medicine and biology, artificials encompass artificial organs, prostheses, and implants, as well as tissue-engineered constructs. In robotics and automation, artificial actuators and sensors enable automated systems to perform tasks. In computing, artificial intelligences or agents simulate cognitive processes and decision-making, enabling automation, data analysis, and user interactions.

History and terminology: The concept has roots in ancient craftsmanship but matured with industrialization and digital computing. Debates around artificials often focus on safety, ethics, sustainability, and the balance between natural and artificial systems.