arthroskopik

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Arthroskopik, also spelled arthroscopic, is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat disorders of joints. It employs an arthroscope, a small-caliber instrument containing a camera and light, which is inserted into the joint through one or more small incisions. The arthroscope projects images to a monitor, guiding the surgeon who may use additional instruments through separate portals to perform tissue resection, repair, or removal.

Indications for arthroskopik include diagnostic evaluation when noninvasive imaging is inconclusive, and therapeutic procedures for conditions such as meniscal or cartilage injuries in the knee, ligament injuries, synovitis, loose bodies, and certain shoulder, hip, ankle, or wrist joint disorders. The approach is commonly used for knee and shoulder problems but is adaptable to several joints.

Procedure and equipment: anesthesia may be general or regional. The surgeon creates small portals, distends the joint with sterile fluid to improve visibility, and inserts the arthroscope to inspect internal structures. Through additional portals, instruments such as graspers, probes, scissors, shavers, or burrs are used to treat pathology. The joint is irrigated throughout, and incisions are usually closed with simple dressings. Many arthroscopic procedures are performed on an outpatient basis with early mobilization.

Advantages include smaller incisions, reduced tissue trauma, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery times, and the ability to diagnose and treat intra-articular pathology in a single session. Risks, though relatively uncommon, include infection, bleeding, nerve or vessel injury, stiffness, deep vein thrombosis, cartilage damage, and instrument-related complications. Proper patient selection and surgical expertise are essential for favorable outcomes.

History and scope: modern arthroscopy developed in the mid- to late 20th century and has become a standard technique in orthopedic and sports medicine, expanding across multiple joints. See also arthroscopy and joint-specific applications such as knee and shoulder arthroscopy.