aristocrat

An aristocrat is a member of the aristocracy, a social class traditionally positioned between royalty and commoners in many monarchies. The term comes from the Greek aristokratia, from aristos “best” and kratos “rule.” In Europe and elsewhere, aristocrats were typically landowners who held hereditary titles and privileges, such as duke, marquis, count, viscount, and baron. Their status was often codified by law, custom, or constituent assemblies, and they commonly occupied positions in government, the judiciary, the military, and the royal court.

Historically, the aristocracy served as a governing elite with economic power, political influence, and social prestige. Landed wealth, strategic marriages, and patronage helped sustain their authority, while non-nobles were excluded from certain offices or ceremonial rights. The balance of power varied by country and period; some states granted formal political influence to nobles, others reduced or abolished privileges during reforms or revolutions.

In the modern era, many states have curtailed aristocratic privileges, and aristocrats are often private individuals who may nonetheless retain social influence, wealth, or titles recognized in ceremonial fashion. In some contexts, the term aristocrat may be used descriptively to refer to someone whose manners, education, or outlook resemble those historically associated with the nobility. The term can carry neutral, favorable, or pejorative connotations depending on usage.