arhitectura

Arhitectura, or architecture, is the discipline that designs and shapes the built environment. It integrates art and engineering to create spaces and structures that are functional, durable, and legible as expressions of culture. Architecture encompasses planning, design, construction, and ongoing management of buildings and sites, balancing client needs, budget, climate, and context. In Romanian usage, arhitectura denotes this field.

Historically, arhitectura has evolved from monumental forms of antiquity through medieval and Renaissance innovations to contemporary practices. It reflects technological advances, social organization, and environmental conditions. Major movements include classical orders, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassicism, Modernism, and Postmodernism, as well as regional vernacular traditions that respond to local materials and climate.

Architects work from program development to construction documentation, guiding projects through regulatory requirements and construction oversight. They collaborate with engineers, planners, and specialists, using models, drawings, and increasingly digital tools such as BIM to test performance, aesthetics, and cost. Sustainable design and accessibility are central concerns in modern practice.

Arhitectura encompasses residential, commercial, civic, religious, cultural, educational, and industrial buildings, as well as urban design, landscape integration, and interior architecture. It intersects with planning, heritage conservation, and material science, and continues to adapt to new technologies, materials, and ecological considerations.