antirretrovirales

Antirretrovirales, also known as antiretroviral drugs, are a class of medications used primarily to treat infections caused by retroviruses, most notably the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These drugs work by inhibiting various stages of the viral life cycle, thereby reducing viral replication and helping to control the infection.

The main categories of antirretrovirales include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), and entry or fusion inhibitors. Often, multiple antiretroviral agents are combined into a regimen known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to improve efficacy and reduce the risk of drug resistance.

Antirretrovirales have revolutionized the management of HIV/AIDS, transforming it from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic condition. When taken consistently as prescribed, they can significantly suppress viral load markers to undetectable levels, improving immune function and reducing the risk of transmission.

Despite their benefits, antirretrovirales can cause side effects, including nausea, fatigue, lipid abnormalities, and, in some cases, more serious complications such as liver toxicity or metabolic disorders. Adherence to treatment is crucial for effectiveness and to prevent the development of resistant strains of the virus.

Globally, access to antirretrovirales remains a public health priority, especially in low- and middle-income countries where HIV prevalence is high. Advances in treatment have led to the development of more tolerable and convenient drug formulations, enhancing adherence and outcomes for individuals living with HIV.