antioksidantein

Antioksidantein refers to antioxidants, molecules that reduce or prevent oxidative damage by neutralizing reactive oxygen species and other free radicals produced during normal metabolism and environmental exposures. Oxidative stress occurs when free radical production exceeds the body’s ability to counteract them, potentially damaging DNA, proteins, and lipids. Antioxidants can work by scavenging radicals, chelating metals, or boosting cellular defenses, and they operate in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic forms.

Endogenous antioxidants include enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as small molecules like glutathione. Non-enzymatic dietary antioxidants include vitamins C and E, carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lycopene, and diverse polyphenols found in plants. They vary in solubility and cellular location, which influences how they interact with different free radicals.

Dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains provides a broad mix of antioxidant compounds that may contribute to health. In contrast, evidence supporting disease prevention through high-dose antioxidant supplements is limited or inconsistent, and some trials have shown adverse effects in specific groups (for example, beta-carotene supplements in smokers). Recommendations generally emphasize a varied, plant-based diet rather than supplements.

Antioxidants are studied across nutrition and medicine in the context of aging, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Assessing antioxidant capacity in foods is complex, and regulatory approaches to supplements vary by country, with emphasis on safety, dosing, and evidence of health benefits.