antihypertenzíva

Antihypertenzívák are a class of medications used to treat hypertension, or high blood pressure. They work by reducing the resistance to blood flow in the arteries, thereby lowering blood pressure. There are several types of antihypertenzívák, including diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and alpha-blockers.

Diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide, work by increasing urine production and reducing fluid volume in the body. Beta-blockers, like atenolol and metoprolol, slow the heart rate and reduce the force of heart contractions. ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril and enalapril, prevent the formation of angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels. Calcium channel blockers, like amlodipine and nifedipine, relax blood vessels by blocking calcium from entering the cells. Alpha-blockers, such as doxazosin and prazosin, relax blood vessels by blocking the action of alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Antihypertenzívák are typically prescribed for people with hypertension who have not responded to lifestyle changes, such as a low-sodium diet and increased physical activity. They are usually taken orally, but some may be administered intravenously or topically. The choice of antihypertenzívák depends on the individual's specific needs, medical history, and any other medications they are taking.

Side effects of antihypertenzívák can include dizziness, fatigue, and headaches. More serious side effects, such as heart failure or kidney problems, are rare but can occur. It is important for individuals taking antihypertenzívák to have regular check-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor their blood pressure and overall health.