anorexigenic

Anorexigenic describes a property of a substance, process, or mechanism that suppresses appetite or reduces food intake. The term comes from Greek roots meaning without appetite producing. It is used to distinguish such effects from orexigenic factors, which increase appetite, and it is not a diagnosis in itself.

In physiology, anorexigenic signals arise from both central and peripheral systems. Within the brain, activation of hypothalamic pathways involving pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and CART neurons tends to suppress hunger, while stimulation of other circuits can further reduce meal size. Peripherally, hormones and peptides such as leptin, insulin, peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) convey signals of energy sufficiency and fullness, contributing to overall anorexigenic effects. The integration of these signals helps regulate energy balance in response to nutritional status.

Clinically, anorexigenic agents or interventions are used to aid weight management in obesity and related metabolic conditions. Examples include GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide and semaglutide, which have demonstrated appetite-suppressing effects and are approved for obesity and diabetes treatment. Other anorexigenic approaches include amylin analogues and certain combination therapies that target multiple appetite-regulating pathways. Side effects and safety considerations vary by agent and typically require medical supervision.

It is important to distinguish anorexigenic from anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by restricted food intake and low body weight. Anorexigenic refers to a mechanism or effect that reduces appetite, not a disease.