animalskin

Animal skin refers to the outer covering of animals, formed by the integumentary system, consisting of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue in mammals, along with scales, feathers, or other structures in non-mammals. It serves as a protective barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and dehydration, and participates in thermoregulation and sensation.

The epidermis is the outer layer, primarily composed of keratinocytes. It includes melanocytes that determine pigment, Langerhans cells involved in immune defense, and the stratum corneum as a keratinized outer layer. The dermis lies beneath, rich in collagen and elastic fibers, containing blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands. The hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue anchors the skin and stores fat.

In mammals, hair or fur and sebaceous glands contribute to insulation and waterproofing; eccrine or apocrine sweat glands regulate temperature and excrete wastes. Skin color and thickness vary by species and region, reflecting reproductive, environmental, and genetic factors. Functions include sensation through nerve endings, immune surveillance, wound repair, and maintenance of hydration. Skin can adapt structurally to extreme environments.

Humans use animal skin in leather and hides for clothing, shelter, and crafts; ethical and welfare considerations influence sourcing and regulation. Skin diseases, injuries, and tumors are common areas of veterinary study.