angiogenezi

Angiogenesis refers to the biological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. This process is essential for various physiological functions, including embryonic development, wound healing, and the menstrual cycle. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a balance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, ensuring that blood vessel growth occurs appropriately and is limited to specific contexts.

The formation of new blood vessels involves several key steps, including degradation of the basement membrane surrounding existing vessels, migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, and the formation of new capillary lumens. Growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play critical roles in stimulating angiogenesis. Conversely, inhibitors like thrombospondin and angiostatin help prevent excessive vessel formation.

Angiogenesis is not only vital for normal bodily functions but also plays a significant role in pathological conditions. In cancer, for example, tumors often induce angiogenesis to supply themselves with oxygen and nutrients, a process known as tumor angiogenesis. This makes angiogenesis a target for anti-cancer therapies, such as anti-VEGF drugs like bevacizumab. Other diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration, involve abnormal angiogenesis, leading to vision impairment.

Research into angiogenesis has expanded our understanding of vascular biology and opened new avenues for treating diseases. Advances in this field continue to inform the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at either promoting or inhibiting blood vessel formation, depending on the clinical context.