aneugenisiin

Aneugenesis is a term used in genetics to describe a type of chromosomal abnormality. It refers to changes in the number of chromosomes within a cell, specifically due to errors in chromosome segregation during cell division. This process differs from aneuploidy, which is the general condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes. Aneugenesis specifically relates to the gain or loss of entire chromosomes, rather than structural alterations or changes in chromosome parts.

Errors in the spindle apparatus, which is responsible for separating chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, can lead to aneugenesis. This can result in daughter cells receiving either too many or too few chromosomes. For instance, if a chromosome fails to separate correctly during anaphase, one daughter cell might end up with an extra copy of that chromosome, while the other cell is missing it.

Conditions resulting from aneugenesis can have significant consequences. In humans, aneugenesis is often associated with developmental disorders and genetic syndromes. For example, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, meaning an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. Other examples include Turner syndrome (monosomy X) and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). The viability and severity of the effects of aneugenesis depend on which chromosomes are affected and whether the abnormality occurs in somatic cells or germ cells.