andrespråklige

Andrespråklige is a term used in linguistics and education to refer to individuals who use or have learned a language other than their first language as a second language. In Norwegian usage, it often describes people who acquire, maintain, or use a non-native language in daily life, work, or schooling.

The concept is distinct from simultaneous bilingualism (two native languages learned from early childhood) and from native monolingualism. Andrespråklige may be immigrants, refugees, students, or lifelong learners who encounter a second language later in life. Proficiency levels vary widely.

Second language acquisition involves cognitive, social, and educational factors, including age of onset, amount of exposure, quality of input, motivation, and instructional methods. Common stages include initial interlanguage development, fossilization, and eventual target-language competence.

In policy and education, recognizing andrespråklige can inform inclusive pedagogy, assessment, and language support. Multilingual contexts may leverage the L1 background while developing L2 skills, with emphasis on communicative competence and cultural mediation. Research covers areas such as transfer, accommodation, and sociolinguistic identity.