amphigastria

Amphigastria refers to a rare developmental anomaly characterized by the partial or complete duplication of the posterior digestive tract in a fetus. This condition typically involves the rectum and anus, resulting in two separate anal openings or a single opening with two distinct canals. The anomaly can vary in severity, from a minor duplication with limited functional impact to more complex cases involving duplicated portions of the colon and other pelvic organs.

The exact cause of amphigastria is not fully understood, but it is believed to arise during early embryonic development when the structures forming the hindgut fail to fuse and separate properly. Genetic factors and environmental influences during pregnancy may play a role. Amphigastria is often associated with other congenital anomalies, such as imperforate anus, cloacal exstrophy, and urogenital malformations, which can complicate diagnosis and management.

Diagnosis is usually made shortly after birth through physical examination, often revealing the presence of two anal openings. Imaging studies, including ultrasound, MRI, or barium enema, may be used to further assess the extent of the duplication and identify associated abnormalities. Treatment for amphigastria is surgical and aims to create a single, functional anal opening and reconstruct the digestive tract. The complexity of the surgery depends on the severity of the duplication and the presence of other anomalies. Long-term management may involve addressing functional issues related to bowel control.