amnionruptur

Amnionruptur refers to the rupture of the amnion, the innermost fetal membrane that encloses the amniotic cavity and the developing fetus. It is a key component of rupture of membranes (ROM), the event when the protective amniotic sac breaks and amniotic fluid leaks through the cervix. Amnionruptur may occur as part of labor or as a consequence of obstetric procedures or trauma.

Rupture may occur spontaneously or be induced. When rupture happens before labor begins, it is called premature rupture of membranes (PROM or PPROM). Spontaneous amnion rupture can also be part of amniotic band sequence, in which fibrous strands from the ruptured amnion constrict fetal parts and cause anomalies.

Complications of amnion rupture include leakage of amniotic fluid leading to oligohydramnios if prolonged, increased risk of intrauterine infection such as chorioamnionitis, and preterm birth or delivery. Diagnosis is typically based on history of vaginal fluid leakage and objective tests, including a positive nitrazine test (fluid turning blue), ferning pattern on microscopic examination, and ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid volume and fetal status.

Management depends on gestational age and infection risk. In premature rupture of membranes, clinicians may administer antibiotics to reduce infection risk, and corticosteroids are considered to promote fetal lung maturity when the pregnancy is preterm. If infection is suspected or confirmed, delivery is often expedited. In term ROM, delivery is commonly pursued after evaluation of maternal and fetal well-being. Amnion rupture can be associated with other conditions such as the amniotic band sequence, which requires specialized multidisciplinary management.