aminoglycosidid

Aminoglycoside is a class of antibiotics commonly used to treat serious bacterial infections. These drugs are characterized by their amino sugar component linked via glycosidic bonds. They function by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, interfering with protein synthesis. This interference leads to the production of abnormal proteins and ultimately cell death.

Aminoglycosides are bactericidal, meaning they kill bacteria, rather than bacteriostatic, which inhibits their growth. They are generally effective against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria, but their spectrum of activity can vary between specific drugs within the class. Examples of commonly used aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin.

Administration of aminoglycosides is typically through injection, either intravenously or intramuscularly, as they are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. They are often used in combination with other antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, to achieve synergistic effects, particularly against challenging infections like endocarditis or sepsis.

Despite their efficacy, aminoglycosides can be associated with significant toxicity. The most concerning side effects are nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and ototoxicity (damage to the auditory and vestibular systems), which can lead to hearing loss or balance problems. Due to these risks, careful monitoring of drug levels in the blood and kidney function is crucial during treatment. They are generally avoided in pregnant women and individuals with pre-existing kidney or hearing impairments.