amicus

Amicus, short for amicus curiae, is a Latin term meaning “friend of the court.” In legal systems that follow the English common law tradition, an amicus curiae is a person or organization that is not a party to a case but submits information or arguments to assist the court in deciding the matter. Amici are typically individuals, advocacy groups, professional associations, government agencies, scholars, or think tanks offering expertise, data, or policy considerations that the parties may not fully present.

Amici file briefs, often called amicus briefs, and in some jurisdictions may appear at hearings as well. The information provided may present legal arguments, interpret statutes or precedents, or highlight broader social, economic, or public interest implications. Amici may seek permission or be invited to participate; rules vary by court and jurisdiction. In the United States, amicus curiae briefs are commonly submitted in appellate courts and the Supreme Court, subject to court rules governing who may file and what content is allowed.

While amicus participation can illuminate issues and aid public policy, amici are not parties to the case; their submissions are non-binding and may be considered or disregarded by the court. Courts may adopt, distinguish, or reject the arguments, and there can be concerns about potential influence by interest groups, credibility, or conflicts of interest.

Originating in the English legal tradition, the practice of using amici has spread to many jurisdictions, though terminology and procedures vary. In some systems the term “intervener” or “amicus curiae” is used; in others, courts may invite expert input or accept public interest perspectives. The amicus role remains a mechanism for courts to obtain specialized knowledge and to reflect broader societal interests in legal decision making.