amfibiyalar

Amfibiyalar, also known as amphibians, are a class of cold-blooded vertebrate animals that typically begin life in water and later move to land. The class Amphibia includes well-known groups such as frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts. Their life cycle often involves a dramatic metamorphosis, transforming from an aquatic larval stage with gills to a terrestrial adult stage with lungs.

Amphibians possess moist, permeable skin, which they use for breathing and absorbing water. This characteristic makes them particularly sensitive to environmental changes and pollution, leading to their use as bioindicators. They are ectothermic, meaning they rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature.

Globally, amphibians inhabit a wide range of environments, from tropical rainforests to temperate woodlands and even deserts, though they generally require access to water or moist conditions. Their diet typically consists of insects, worms, and other small invertebrates, though some larger species may consume small vertebrates.

Reproduction in amphibians usually involves external fertilization, with females laying eggs in water or damp environments. The larval stage, often called a tadpole in frogs, is primarily aquatic and breathes with gills. As they mature, they undergo metamorphosis, developing limbs, lungs, and losing their gills. Despite their terrestrial adaptations, most adult amphibians still need to stay near water to prevent their skin from drying out and for reproduction.