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Aluminium oxide, also known as aluminum oxide, is a chemical compound with the formula Al2O3. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly found in nature as the mineral corundum. Aluminium oxide is widely used in various industries due to its high melting point, hardness, and chemical resistance.

The compound is produced through the Bayer process, which involves the digestion of bauxite ore with sodium hydroxide to produce aluminium hydroxide, followed by calcination to yield aluminium oxide. It is also a byproduct of the Hall-Héroult process, which is used for the production of aluminium metal.

Aluminium oxide has several important applications. It is used as an abrasive in sandpaper and other grinding materials due to its hardness. It is also used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions and as a refractory material in high-temperature applications. Additionally, it is used in the production of ceramics, glass, and as a filler in plastics and rubber.

In the field of electronics, aluminium oxide is used as a dielectric material in capacitors due to its high dielectric strength and low leakage current. It is also used in the production of aluminium electrolytic capacitors, which are widely used in electronic devices.

Aluminium oxide is generally considered to be non-toxic and non-irritating, but inhalation of fine particles can cause respiratory irritation. It is also used in some cosmetic products as an abrasive in exfoliating scrubs. However, the use of aluminium oxide in cosmetics has been a subject of debate due to concerns about its potential to cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.