alloimmunen

Alloimmunization is a medical condition in which the immune system of a person produces antibodies in response to foreign antigens from another individual. This typically occurs when a woman's body produces antibodies against the Rh-positive blood type of her partner or a fetus with a different blood type. The production of these antibodies is referred to as alloimmunization.

During pregnancy, transfusions, or other blood-related procedures, the immune system mistakenly identifies certain proteins on the surface of red blood cells as foreign. This triggers the production of antibodies, which can lead to the breakdown of red blood cells, potentially causing anemia, jaundice, and other complications for the mother and the unborn child.

The most common cause of alloimmunization is the ABO blood group system and the Rh blood group system. In the case of ABO incompatibility, antibodies against the A or B antigens on red blood cells are produced. If the Rh blood group system is involved, the presence of Rh-negative antibodies is a concern during pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus.

Early diagnosis and treatment can minimize the risk of complications. Plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy are often employed to remove the offending antibodies from the mother's circulation. It is crucial for both the expectant mother and the healthcare provider to be aware of any potential blood type incompatibilities during pregnancy to prevent adverse reactions and ensure a safe and healthy outcome for both the mother and the child.

While alloimmunization is a relatively rare condition, recognizing its signs and symptoms can facilitate prompt medical intervention and prevent potential health issues for those affected.