alküülsulfaadi

Alkyl sulfates are a class of anionic surfactants. They are salts or esters of sulfuric acid. The general formula for an alkyl sulfate is R-OSO3⁻ M⁺, where R is an alkyl group and M⁺ is a cation. Common cations include sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and ammonium (NH₄⁺). The alkyl group, R, is typically a long hydrocarbon chain.

These compounds are produced by the sulfation of fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are derived from natural sources like coconut oil or palm kernel oil, or they can be synthesized from petroleum. The sulfation process involves reacting the fatty alcohol with a sulfating agent, such as sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid.

Alkyl sulfates are widely used in detergents, shampoos, and other cleaning products due to their excellent foaming and cleaning properties. They are effective at lowering the surface tension of water, allowing it to spread and wet surfaces more easily. They also help to emulsify oils and grease, making them easier to wash away. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) are two of the most common examples. While generally considered safe for use in consumer products, there can be concerns regarding potential skin irritation for some individuals, especially at higher concentrations.